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Practical financial guides for small business

Get direct, useful answers about bookkeeping, reporting, payroll, taxes, hiring, pricing, and accounting systems. Filter the library by topic or format to find the guide you need.

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852 published guides

  • Business Taxes Definition

    What Is Additional Medicare Tax?

    Additional Medicare Tax is a 0.9 percent individual tax on Medicare wages, railroad retirement compensation, and self-employment income above the threshold for the taxpayer's filing status.

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  • AP, AR & Invoicing Definition

    What Is Aging Accounts Receivable?

    An aging report groups open receivable items by defined age ranges. It can support collection, cash planning, dispute management, credit review, and close when it is reconciled and paired with named actions.

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  • Payroll & 1099 Definition

    What Is an IRS Fillable 1099 Form?

    An IRS fillable 1099 form may help prepare recipient or record copies, but most downloaded Copy A forms are informational and cannot be printed and mailed as scannable federal returns.

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  • Financial Statements Definition

    What Is Balance Sheet Not Balancing?

    If assets do not equal liabilities plus equity, something is recorded incorrectly. This is always a bookkeeping error rather than a business problem, and it is always findable.

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  • CFO & Advisory Definition

    What Is Business Advisory Accountant?

    A business advisory accountant works on decisions rather than on compliance. Compliance accounting answers what happened and what you owe. Advisory work answers what to do next: whether to hire, how to price, which parts of the business are worth expanding, and what happens to cash if you are wrong.

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  • CFO & Advisory Definition

    What Is Cash Flow Management for Startups?

    Cash flow management for a startup is the practice of knowing, at any moment, how much money you have, how fast it is leaving, and how long that gives you. Everything else in startup finance is downstream of those three numbers.

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  • Industry Bookkeeping Definition

    What Is Contractor Expenses List?

    The useful split for a contracting business is not "deductible" versus "not deductible." It is direct job cost versus overhead. Get that division right and every job margin you look at means something. Get it wrong and your gross profit is a number with no relationship to reality.

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  • AP, AR & Invoicing Definition

    What Is Credit Sales Accounts Receivable?

    A credit sale is a sale where the customer receives goods or services now and pays later. It creates an account receivable: revenue recognised, cash not yet collected, and an asset on your balance sheet representing the promise to pay.

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  • AP, AR & Invoicing Definition

    What Is Days Sales in Accounts Receivable?

    Days sales outstanding, commonly shortened to DSO, is an estimate derived from receivables, credit sales, and a period day count. It summarizes collection timing but does not measure the actual age of each invoice or explain the cause of movement.

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  • Industry Bookkeeping Definition

    What Is Electrical Contractor Chart of Accounts?

    Electrical contractors run two businesses inside one company: service work, which is high volume and short duration, and project work, which is fewer jobs, longer duration, and frequently involves progress billing and retainage. A chart of accounts that does not separate them produces a blended margin that describes neither.

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  • Business Taxes Definition

    What Is Excise Tax?

    Excise tax is a federal, state, or local tax imposed on specified goods, services, activities, transactions, or uses rather than on general business profit.

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  • Payroll & 1099 Definition

    What Is Federal Unemployment Tax?

    Federal unemployment tax, commonly called FUTA, is an employer-only federal payroll tax that helps fund the federal-state unemployment system. It is generally reported annually on Form 940.

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  • CFO & Advisory Definition

    What Is Financial Forecasting Models?

    A forecasting model is the method by which you turn assumptions into projected numbers. The choice of model matters less than whether the assumptions are traceable, but some approaches suit small businesses considerably better than others.

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  • Payroll & 1099 How-To Guide

    What Is Form 1099-K?

    Form 1099-K reports the gross amount of payment-card transactions and qualifying third-party-network payments processed for a payee. It does not by itself determine taxable profit.

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  • Business Taxes How-To Guide

    What Is Franchise Tax?

    A franchise tax is generally a state charge for the privilege of forming, registering, or doing business as an entity. It is not a federal tax on purchasing a commercial franchise.

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